Discover how cutting-edge herbal bioactives are transforming the treatment of lifestyle diseases in this definitive, research-driven guide aiming to pioneer the next generation of safe, high-impact therapeutics.
Table of ContentsPreface
Part I: Understanding Lifestyle Diseases and Dietary Approaches
1. Lifestyle Diseases: Introduction, Types, and Risk FactorsAnkush Goyal, Arvinder Pal Singh, Preeti Aneja and Subhash Chander
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Historical Perspective: Transition from Infectious to Noncommunicable Diseases
1.1.2 Global Burden: Epidemiological Trends and Public Health Challenges
1.1.3 Role of Urbanization, Technology, and Socioeconomic Factors in Disease Development
1.2 Types of Lifestyle Diseases
1.2.1 Cardiovascular Diseases
1.2.2 Metabolic Disorders
1.2.3 Respiratory Diseases
1.2.4 Cancer
1.2.5 Neurological Disorders
1.2.6 Others
1.3 Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
1.3.1 Behavioral Risk Factors
1.3.2 Environmental Risk Factors
1.3.3 Biological Risk Factors
1.3.4 Psychosocial Risk Factors
1.3.5 Emerging Risk Factors
1.4 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
2. Superfoods and Dietary Supplements: Prevention and Management of Lifestyle DiseasesAnkit Ganeshpurkar, Aditya Ganeshpurkar, Nischal Saxena and Nazneen Dubey
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Essential Nutrients and Their Functions
2.3 Dietary Deficiencies and Their Impact on Health
2.4 Superfoods: Classification and Benefits
2.4.1 Fruits and Vegetables
2.4.2 Whole Grains and Seeds
2.4.3 Nuts and Legumes
2.4.4 Fermented Foods
2.4.5 Herbal and Traditional Superfoods
2.5 Dietary Supplements: Types and Mechanisms
2.5.1 Vitamins
2.5.2 Minerals
2.5.3 Amino Acids
2.5.4 Fatty Acids
2.5.5 Probiotics
2.5.6 Herbal Supplements
2.6 Superfoods and Supplements in Disease Prevention
2.6.1 Role of Superfoods in Cardiovascular Health
2.6.2 Superfoods in the Management of Diabetes
2.6.2.1 Glycemic Index and Superfoods
2.6.2.2 Superfoods for Blood Sugar Control
2.6.3 Role of Superfoods in Inflammation
2.6.4 Impact of Superfoods on Obesity
2.6.4.1 Appetite-Suppressing Superfoods
2.6.4.2 Metabolism-Boosting Superfoods
2.7 Dietary Supplements for Bone Health
2.7.1 Calcium and Vitamin D
2.7.2 Magnesium and Phosphorus
2.7.3 Collagen Supplements
2.8 Regulation of Dietary Supplements
2.9 Safety Considerations of Dietary Supplements and Superfoods
2.10 Conclusion
References
3. Millets: A Boon for Human HealthAswin Viswanath, Adarsh Sahu, Anakha S., Revathi M., Shweta Mishra and Saurabh Singh
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Traditional Uses
3.1.2 Different Types of Millets
3.1.2.1 Finger Millet
3.1.2.2 Pearl Millet
3.1.2.3 Foxtail Millet
3.1.2.4 Proso Millet
3.1.2.5 Sorghum
3.1.2.6 Kodo Millets
3.2 Nutritional Composition of Millets
3.3 Chemical Composition of Millets
3.3.1 Polyphenols Reported from Millets
3.3.1.1 Phytic Acid
3.3.1.2 Quercetin
3.3.1.3 Ferulic Acid
3.3.1.4 Kaempferol
3.3.1.5 Phytosterols
3.3.1.6 Lignans
3.3.1.7 Tannins
3.4 Pharmacological Properties of Millets
3.4.1 Antioxidants from Millets
3.4.2 Anti-Inflammatory
3.4.3 Antidiabetic Activity
3.4.4 Cardiovascular Diseases
3.4.5 Obesity
3.4.6 Antimicrobial Activity
3.5 Millets as Food and Nutrition
3.5.1 Food Products from Millets
3.6 Millet Recipes from Various States Indigenous Community
3.6.1 Millet Recipes from Arunachal Pradesh Tribal Community
3.6.2 Millet Recipes of Finger Millet from Maharashtra
3.7 Patents in Relation to Millets
3.8 Summary
References
Part II: Fundamentals of Herbal Medicines
4. Herbal Drugs: Introduction, Chemistry, and ApplicationsShweta Mishra, Ramandeep Kaur and Adarsh Sahu
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Historical Perspective of Herbal Drugs
4.3 Benefits and Risks of Herbal Drugs
4.4 Chemistry of Various Classes of Herbal Drugs
4.4.1 Alkaloids
4.4.1.1 Classification of Plant Alkaloids
4.4.2 Terpenoids
4.4.3 Phenolics
4.5 Application of Herbal Drugs in Lifestyle-Related Diseases
4.5.1 Herbal Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease
4.5.2 Herbal Drugs for Cancer
4.5.3 Herbal Drugs for the Neurological Disorder
4.5.4 Herbal Drugs for Metabolic Disorder Disease
4.5.5 Herbal Drugs for Respiratory Disease
4.6 Problems with the Use of Herbal Drugs
4.7 Conclusion
References
Part III: Herbal Medicines in the Management of Major Lifestyle Diseases
5. Therapeutic Applications of Herbal Medicines in the Management of CancerMeenakshi Dhanawat, Garima, Kashish Wilson, Pradip Nirbhavane and Atin Kalra
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Herbal Medicine with Anticancer Effects
5.2.1 Artemisia annua
5.2.2 Coptis chinensis
5.2.3 Curcuma longa
5.2.4 Fagonia indica
5.2.5 Garcinia oblongifolia
5.2.6 Garcinia indica
5.2.7 Hedyotis diffusa
5.2.8 Loranthus parasiticus and Scurrulus parasitica
5.2.9 Morus alba
5.2.10 Paris polyphylla
5.2.11 Perilla frutescens
5.2.12 Prunus armeniaca
5.2.13 Rabdosiae rubescens
5.2.14 Scutellaria baicalensis
5.2.15 Scutellaria barbata
5.2.16 Tripterygium wilfordii
5.2.17 Tussilago farfara
5.2.18 Wedelia chinensis
5.3 Clinical Applications of Herbal Remedy with Anticancer
Effects
5.3.1 Breast Cancer
5.3.2 Lung Cancer
5.3.3 Pancreatic Cancer
5.4 Herbal Supplements as Adjuvants in Existing Cancer Therapies
5.4.1 Antibody-Drug Conjugates
5.4.2 Molecularly Targeted Drug Hunting in Natural Products
5.4.3 Leveraging Cuttingedge Technologies to Facilitate the Mechanistic Investigation
5.5 Future Directions that May Open New Opportunities for Natural Products
5.5.1 Integrative Targeted and Phenotypic Screen Accelerates the Discovery of Bioactive Compounds
5.5.2 Artificial Intelligence Assists the Discovery and Mechanistic Understanding of Bioactive Natural Products
5.5.3 The Interplay between Host Immune System and Microbiota Opens New Window for Natural Products
5.5.4 Combination Therapy Broadens the Therapeutic Scope for Natural Products
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. Herbal Medicines in Management and Therapeutic Application for DiabetesDevyani Rajput, Umesh Kumar Patil and Mandeep Kumar Singh
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Risk Factors for DM
6.3 Types of DM
6.3.1 Type 1 DM
6.3.2 Idiopathic Diabetes
6.3.3 Type 2 DM
6.3.4 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
6.3.5 Pathophysiology of DM
6.4 Conventional Treatment and Its Drawbacks
6.5 Herbal Medicines with Antidiabetic Effects
6.5.1 Plants with Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Effects
6.5.2 Plants with Pancreatic β-Cell Regeneration and Insulin Secretagogue Effects
6.5.3 Plants with Insulin Mimetic, Sensitizing, and PPAR-Agonistic Effects
6.6 Bioactive Phytochemicals and Proposed Mechanisms
6.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives for Antidiabetic Phytomedicines
6.8 Conclusion
References
7. Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for Cardiovascular DiseasesAtri I., Pandey S. P., Patil B., Sagar R., Shukla T. and Upmanyu N.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Herbs: From Tradition to Modern Heart Medicine
7.3 Medicines Prepared from Herbs
7.4 Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for CVDs
7.5 Safety, Toxicology, and Regulation of Cardiovascular Herbal Medicines
7.6 Policies and Regulation
7.7 Future Perspectives and Research Directions
7.8 Conclusion
References
8. Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesHarshal Prajapati, Shubhangi Nema, Bharti Choudhary, Rupanshi Sahu, Swati Jain, Ram Babu Tripathi and Vikas Pandey
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Types of IBD
8.1.1.1 Crohn Disease
8.1.1.2 Ulcerative Colitis
8.1.2 Intestinal Mucosal Barrier
8.2 Various Factors Affecting IBD
8.2.1 Obesity and Physical Activity in Patients with IBD
8.2.2 Sleep and Sleep Disturbance in Patients with IBD
8.2.3 Stress in Patients with IBD
8.2.4 Smoking in Patients with IBD
8.2.5 Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Patients with IBD
8.3 Different Plants Utilized in the Management of IBD
Conclusion
References
9. Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for Psychological DisordersArumilli Swetha, Kuttiappan Anitha, Nagaraju Bandaru and Neeraj Mishra
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Mechanisms of Action
9.3 Preclinical Evidence
9.4 Psychological Disorders and Their Symptoms
9.5 Mechanisms of Action of Herbal Medicines in Psychological Disorders
9.6 Clinical Studies Investigating the Efficacy of Herbal Medicines in Treating Psychological Disorders
9.7 Challenges and Future Directions in the Use of Herbal
Medicines for Psychological Disorders
9.8 Conclusion and Summary
References
10. Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for Respiratory AilmentsRushendran R. and Chitra Vellapandian
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Common Respiratory Ailments and Their Pathophysiology
10.2.1 Asthma
10.2.2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
10.2.3 Bronchitis
10.2.4 Pneumonia and Tuberculosis
10.2.5 Allergic Rhinitis and Sinusitis
10.3 Herbal Medicines in Respiratory Ailments
10.3.1 Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
10.3.2 Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)
10.3.3 Adhatoda vasica (Vasaka)
10.3.4 Zingiber officinale (Ginger)
10.3.5 Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus)
10.3.6 Allium sativum (Garlic)
10.3.7 Thymus vulgaris (Thyme)
10.3.8 Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)
10.4 Synergistic Effects and Polyherbal Formulations
10.5 Evidence-Based Studies
10.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives
10.7 Conclusion
References
11. Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for Liver and GIT DiseasePushpendra Kumar Khangar, Vivek Daniel and Kratika Daniel
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Introduction to Herbal Medicines in Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Management
11.1.2 Historical Use of Herbal Medicines
11.1.2.1 Historical Use of Herbal Medicines in GIT Disease
11.1.2.2 Pharmacological Basis of Herbal Medicine Efficacy
11.1.2.3 Safety and the Regulatory Aspects of Herbs
11.1.3 Challenges and Opportunities in Herbal Medicine Research
11.2 Introduction of Hepatoprotective Herbal Medicines
11.2.1 A Few Examples of Hepatoprotective Herbal Medicines
11.2.2 Mechanisms of Hepatoprotection
11.2.3 Key Phytochemicals and Their Actions
11.2.4 Clinical Evidence and Studies Related to Herbal Hepatoprotective Action
11.2.5 Dosage and Administration Guidelines
11.3 GIT Herbal Remedies
11.3.1 Traditional Uses and Modern Applications
11.3.2 Mechanisms of Actions and Phytochemicals of GIT Herbal Remedies
11.3.3 The Clinical Trials and Outcomes Evaluation of Gastroenteric Herbal Remedies
11.4 Herbal Formulations and Dosing
11.5 Herbal Medicines for Viral Hepatitis
11.5.1 Herbal Medicines and Their Antiviral Mechanisms and Targets
11.5.2 Herbal Antiviral Compounds
11.5.3 Case Studies and Clinical Trials
11.6 The Use of Herbal Combination in Viral Hepatitis Treatment
11.6.1 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Herbal Medications
11.6.1.1 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
11.6.1.2 Pathophysiology of NAFLD
11.6.1.3 Overview of the Key Aspects of the Pathophysiology
11.6.1.4 Hepatic Lipid Regulation by Phytochemicals
11.6.1.5 Human Studies and Animal Models
11.7 Human and Animal Studies
11.7.1 Herbal Therapies for NAFLD
11.7.2 Herbal Approaches that Have Been Studied in the Context of IBD
11.7.3 Enzymes That Serve as Signals Indicating Liver Damage or Issues
11.7.4 Some Herbal Compounds that Have Been Investigated for Their Potential Immunomodulatory Effects in IBD
11.7.4.1 Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals
11.7.4.2 Clinical Studies in IBD Management
11.7.5 Herbal Combinations for IBD
11.7.5.1 Home Remedies for Peptic Ulcer and Gastritis
11.8 Herbal Remedies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
11.8.1 Herbal Compounds with Anticancer Capacity
11.8.2 Clinical Trials in HCC Treatment
11.8.2.1 Management of IBS with Herbal Medicines
11.8.2.2 Herbal Antispasmodics and Relaxants
11.8.2.3 Gut–Brain Axis Modulation
11.9 Herbal Medicines in the Prevention and Management of Cholelithiasis
11.9.1 Pathogenesis of Gallstones
11.9.1.1 Choleretic and Cholagogue Herbal Compounds
11.9.1.2 Cholagogue Herbs
11.9.1.3 Clinical Interventions and Gallstone Prevention
11.9.1.4 Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations
11.10 Conclusion
References
12. Herbal Medicines in the Management and Therapeutic Application for Reproductive DiseasesS. Mohana Lakshmi and C. K. Ashok Kumar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Role of Herbal Medicine in Infertility Management
12.3 Key Herbs for Male Infertility Treatment
12.3.1 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
12.3.2 Tribulus terrestris (Gokhru)
12.3.3 Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali)
12.3.4 Alpinia officinarum
12.3.5 Nigella sativa (Black Seed)
12.4 Female Infertility and Herbal Remedies
12.5 Key Herbs for Female Infertility Treatment
12.5.1 Trifolium pratense (Red Clover)
12.5.2 Nasturtium officinale
12.5.3 Dioscorea bulbifera
12.5.4 Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari)
12.6 Clinical Evidence and Case Studies
12.7 Bioactive Compounds in Herbal Medicine for Reproductive Health
12.7.1 Phytoestrogens and Their Role in Female Reproductive Disorders
12.7.2 Antioxidants in Male Infertility Management
12.7.3 Anti-Inflammatory and Hormonal-Modulating Effects
12.8 Traditional Medicine and Modern Integration
12.9 Studies on Cases and Clinical Trials
12.10 Future Directions
12.11 Conclusion
References
13. Herbal Medicine in the Management and Therapeutic Applications for Bone-Related DisordersNeelam, Kalpana Baghel and Zaffar Azam
Introduction
Natural Drugs for OP
Epimedium brevicornu Maxim
Withania somnifera
Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi
Cissus quadrangularis
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Dipsacus asper Wall.
Morinda officinalis Radix
Elaeis guineensis
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Natural Medications for Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Harpagophytum procumbens
Symphytum officinale
Curcuma domestica
Boswellia serrata Roxb.
Perna canaliculus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Tinospora cordifolia
Capcella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s Purse)
Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
14 Herbal Medicines in the Management of Obesity
Mirunalini Gobinath, L. Priyanka Dwarampudi, Shanmugam R., Subhajit Dutta, Parikshit Roychowdhury and Swati Swagatika Swain
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis of Obesity
14.3 Conventional Treatments and Surgical Procedures for Obesity
14.4 Herbal Medicine That Has Potential Antiobesity Properties
14.5 Current Research in Obesity Management
14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Part IV: Evolving Approaches and Future Outlook
15. The Journey of Herbal Medicine from a Traditional to Modern Treatment Approach for Lifestyle DisordersAlok Kumar Mahor, Prem Prakash Singh and Man Singh
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Background
15.1.2 Significance of Herbal Medicines in Lifestyle Disease Management
15.1.3 Historical Perspective of Herbal Medicines
15.1.4 Contemporary Challenges in Lifestyle Diseases
15.1.5 Four Major Lifestyle Diseases
15.1.6 Factors Contributing to the Rise of Lifestyle Diseases
15.1.7 Causes
15.1.8 Limitations of Modern Treatment Approaches for Herbal Drugs
15.2 Herbal Medicines in the Management of Lifestyle Diseases
15.2.1 Key Points in the Overview of Herbal Medicine
15.2.2 Mechanisms of Action
15.2.3 Scientific Advances in Herbal Medicine
15.2.4 Research Breakthroughs in Herbal Medicine
15.2.5 Innovative Methodologies
15.3 A Holistic Approach to Lifestyle Disease Management
15.3.1 Challenges and Opportunities
15.4 Future Considerations
15.5 Conclusion
15.6 Glossary of Terms
References
16. Current Trends and Future Perspectives on Herbal MedicinesAlok Sharma, Ishrat Jahan, Anurag, Alimuddin Saifi, Rakesh Chawla and Vibhu Sahani
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Herbal Medicine
16.3 Current Status of Herbal Medicine
16.3.1 Trends in Herbal Medicine
16.3.2 Structure and Classification of Flavonoids
16.3.3 Sources and Origins of Flavonoids
16.3.4 Flavonoids Bioavailability and Metabolism
16.4 Chronic Diseases and Inflammation
16.4.1 Understanding Chronic Diseases
16.4.2 Role of Inflammation in Chronic Disease
16.4.3 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Nuclear Factor κB–Mediated Inflammatory Signaling Pathways
16.4.3.1 Flavonoids as Potent Modulator of MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling
16.4.4 Antioxidant Properties
16.4.5 Interplay between Flavonoids and Inflammatory Mediators
16.4.6 Estrogenic Activities of Flavonoids
16.5 Chronic Diseases and Role of Flavonoids
16.5.1 CVDs: Effects of Flavonoids on Heart Health
16.5.2 Neurological Disorders: Neuroprotective Role of Flavonoids
16.5.3 Metabolic Syndrome: Flavonoids and Insulin Sensitivity
16.5.4 Cancer: Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids
16.5.5 Flavonoid Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders
16.5.5.1 Various Key Research Findings in Neurodegenerative Diseases Versus Flavonoids
16.6 In Vitro Experimental Approaches
16.7 In Vitro Studies on Flavonoid-Mediated Signaling Modulation
16.8 Animal Models and Preclinical Investigations
16.8.1 Animal Models and Methodologies
16.9 Human Clinical Trials: Efficacy and Safety of Flavonoid
Interventions
16.10 Mechanism of Action
16.10.1 Modulation of MAPK Signaling Pathways
16.10.2 NF-κB Inhibition
16.10.3 Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines
16.10.4 Alteration of Oxidative Stress Pathways
16.10.5 Effects on Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation
16.11 Future Research Directions for Improved Flavonoid Use
16.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
17. Herbal Medicine–Based Management of Lifestyle Diseases:
Regulatory Aspects, Clinical Trials, and PatentsMohini Kalra and C. K. Ashok Kumar
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Lifestyle Diseases
17.1.2 Herbal Drugs Use History—Lifestyle Diseases
17.1.3 Categories of Herbal Medicine—Regulatory Defined
17.2 Regulatory Aspect
17.2.1 National Regulations of Herbal Drugs
17.2.2 International Collaboratory Guidelines
17.2.3 Challenges in Harmonization
17.2.4 Summarized Regulatory Requirements
17.2.5 Challenges Faced in Regulation of Herbal Products
17.3 Clinical Trials for Herbal Drugs: Overview and Key Considerations
17.3.1 Phases of Clinical Trials for Herbal Drugs
17.3.2 Unique Challenges in Clinical Trials for Herbal Drugs
17.3.3 Regulatory Requirements for Clinical Trials
17.3.4 Ethical Guidelines
17.3.5 Study Design for Herbal Drug Trials
17.3.6 Data Analysis
17.3.7 Success Stories
17.4 Patents for Herbal Drugs: Overview and Considerations
17.4.1 Types of Patents for Herbal Drugs
17.4.2 Patentability Criteria
17.4.3 Ethical and Legal Issues in Patenting Herbal Drugs
17.4.4 Patent Filing and Protection
17.4.5 Global Patent Considerations
17.4.6 Examples of Some of the Patented Herbal Drugs
17.4.7 Impact of Patents on Herbal Drug Development
References
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