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Magnetohydrodynamic Control and Optimization in Fluid Dynamics

Edited by Reshu Gupta
Copyright: 2026   |   Expected Pub Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781394403318  |  Hardcover  |  
488 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
Through expert insights into the fundamentals of magnetohydrodynamics, this indispensable guide equips engineers and researchers with the exact non-mechanical flow control strategies needed to conquer hypersonic drag, mitigate shockwaves, and optimize advanced fluid systems.

Description
Magnetohydrodynamic Control is situated at the intersection of fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, and advanced engineering applications, particularly in aerospace and microfluidics. Magnetohydrodynamics studies the behavior of electrically conducting fluids in magnetic fields, presenting unique opportunities for flow control and optimization without mechanical components. This book explores the interaction between magnetic fields and electrically conducting fluids, providing techniques for manipulating fluid flows using magnetic forces. This interdisciplinary field combines principles of fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, and control theory to achieve desired flow characteristics, offering non-mechanical methods for various applications, including hypersonic flight, microfluidics, and metallurgy. The book focuses on leveraging the principles of magnetohydrodynamics to enhance fluid flow control and optimization in various engineering applications. The methodology begins with a comprehensive examination of fundamental magnetohydrodynamic equations, which describe the behavior of electrically conducting fluids under the influence of magnetic fields. The book further explores practical applications of magnetohydrodynamic control strategies, such as shockwave mitigation in hypersonic vehicles and drag reduction in aerodynamic surfaces. By employing real-world case studies and experimental validations, the approach underscores the potential of magnetohydrodynamics as a transformative technology for active flow control. By combining computational modeling with experimental validation, this essential guide presents the latest innovative solutions for aerospace applications, drag reduction, and thermal management in fluid systems.

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Author / Editor Details
Reshu Gupta, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Applied Science Cluster at the University of Petroleum and Engineering Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. She has more than 50 publications to her credit, including research articles in international journals of repute. Her research focuses on numerical analysis, nanofluids, and heat and mass transfer.

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Table of Contents
Aim and Scope
Preface
Acknowledgement
1. Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics
Renu Bala, Kanu Mehta, Madhu Aneja and Tania Bose
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Types of MHD Waves
1.1.2 MHD Approximations and Limits
1.1.3 Ideal versus Resistive MHD
1.1.4 Quasi-Static Approximations
1.1.5 One- versus Two-Fluid Models
1.1.6 Simple MHD Flows and Examples
1.1.7 Hartmann Number
1.1.8 Applications of Ha
1.1.9 Pinch Effect
1.1.10 Applications of MHD Waves
References
2. Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics
Madhu Aneja, Tania Bose, Renu Bala and Kanu Mehta
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fluids
2.2.1 Ideal Fluids
2.2.2 Real Fluids
2.2.3 Newtonian Fluids
2.2.4 Non-Newtonian Fluids
2.3 Non-Newtonian Fluid Models
2.3.1 Casson Fluid Model
2.3.2 Eyring–Powell Fluid Model
2.3.3 Nanofluids
2.4 Heat Transfer
2.4.1 Conduction
2.4.2 Convection
2.4.2.1 Free Convection
2.4.2.2 Forced Convection
2.4.2.3 Mixed Convection
2.4.2.4 Bioconvection
2.4.3 Radiation
2.4.4 Mass Transfer
2.4.4.1 Diffusive Mass Transfer
2.4.4.2 Convective Mass Transfer
2.5 Mathematical Modeling
2.5.1 Conservation of Mass
2.5.2 Conservation of Momentum
2.5.3 Conservation of Energy
2.6 Applications
2.7 Concluding Remarks
References
3. The Governing Equations of Magnetohydrodynamics
Pervinder Singh
Nomenclature
Operators
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Major Applications of MHD
3.2 Mathematical Foundations of MHD
3.2.1 Maxwell’s Electromagnetic Field Equations
3.2.1.1 Gauss’s Theorem for Electric Fields
3.2.1.2 Gauss’s Theorem for Magnetic Fields
3.2.1.3 Faraday’s Electromagnetic Induction Law
3.2.1.4 Ampere–Maxwell Law
3.2.2 Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space
3.2.3 Lorentz Force
3.3 Navier–Stokes Equations
3.4 MHD Momentum Equation
3.4.1 Continuity Equation (Mass Conservation)
3.4.2 Ohm’s Law for Moving Conductors
3.4.3 Induction Equation (Evolution of Magnetic Field)
3.4.4 Ampere’s Law (Neglecting Displacement Current)
3.4.5 Magnetic Field Divergence-Free Condition
3.4.6 Final Equation (Navier–Stokes with Lorentz Force)
Conclusion
Bibliography
4. Theory and Application of the Fundamental Governing Equation of Magnetohydrodynamics
Shudhangshu Sekhar Sarmah and Ankur Kumar Sarma
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Equation of Continuity
4.2.1 Special Case
4.3 Magnetic Field
4.4 Lorentz Force
4.5 Faraday’s Law
4.5.1 Mathematical Form of Faraday’s Law
4.6 Ampere’s Law
4.6.1 Ampere’s Law in Curl Form
4.7 Equation of Motion for Conducting Fluid
4.7.1 Gravitational Force
4.7.2 Electric Force
4.7.3 Magnetic Field
4.8 Maxwell’s Electromagnetic Field Equations
4.8.1 Gauss Law of Magnetism
4.8.2 Faraday’s Law
4.8.3 Maxwell–Ampere’s Law
4.9 Some Key Parameters of MHD
4.9.1 Magnetic Reynolds Number
4.9.2 Hartman number
4.10 Application
4.11 Conclusion
References
5. Environmental Fluid Mechanics: Present Challenges and Future Perspectives
Sachin Mishra, Raj Kumar, Sakshi Saxena, Kunj Bihari Pandey and Ajai Singh Yadav
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nomenclature
5.3 Literature Review on EFM
5.4 Importance of EFM
5.5 Scales in EFM
5.6 EFM Scope
5.7 Basic Equations
5.7.1 Continuity Equation (Environmental Flows)
5.7.2 Navier–Stokes Equation (with Gravity and Coriolis for Environmental Flow)
5.7.3 Turbulence and Mixing (Environmental Applications)
5.7.3.1 Reynolds-Averaged Momentum Equation
5.7.3.2 Scalar Transport Equation (e.g., for Pollutants or Heat)
5.8 Stratification and Turbulence in EFM
5.8.1 Key Ideas in EFM
5.8.2 Flows in the Environment with Stratification
5.8.3 Typical Stratified Environments
5.8.3.1 Atmosphere
5.8.4 Lakes and Oceans
5.8.5 The Consequences of Stratification
5.9 Turbulence in Environmental Flow
5.9.1 Turbulence Characteristics
5.9.2 Turbulence Sources
5.9.3 Interaction Between Stratification and Turbulence
5.9.3.1 Stable Stratification (e.g., at Night in the Atmosphere or Summer in Lakes)
5.9.3.2 Unstable Stratification (such as River Input Into the Ocean or Midday Heating)
5.9.3.3 Richardson Number
5.10 Uses and Significance
5.11 Scales, Processes, and Systems in EFM
5.11.1 EFM Scales
5.11.2 Spatial Scales
5.11.3 Scales of Time
5.11.4 Interaction at Scale
5.12 Processes in EFM
5.13 Important Physical Mechanisms
5.14 Additional Procedures
5.15 Systems in EFM
5.16 Examples of Environmental Fluid Systems
5.17 Interactions of the System
5.18 Integration: Why Scales, Processes, and Systems Matter
5.19 Environmental Applications of Fluid Mechanics
5.19.1 Applications of Air Quality and Atmospheric Flows
5 19.2 Applications of Water Quality and Hydrodynamics
5.19.3 Applications of Ocean and Climate Dynamics
5.20 Applications of Renewable Energy
5.21 Applications of Environmental Engineering and Infrastructure
5.21.1 Applications of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration
5.22 Upcoming Development and Trends of EFM
5.22.1 Artificial Intelligence–Enhanced Computational Modeling
5.22.1.1 Combined Modeling Techniques
5.22.1.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Enhanced Turbulence Prediction
5.22.1.3 Virtual Replicas (Digital Twins)
5.22.1.4 Assessing Uncertainties with Artificial Intelligence
5.22.1.5 Cloud and High-Performance Computing
5.22.2 Environmental Change and Natural Disasters
5.22.2.1 Nonstationary Hydroclimate Modeling
5.22.2.2 Multihazard Event Modeling
5.22.2.3 Risk Analysis Using Future Scenarios
5.22.2.4 Designing for Climate Resilience
5.22.2.5 Refined Downscaling Methods
5.22.3 Urban EFM
5.22.3.1 City-Scale Climate Modeling
5.22.3.2 Modeling Sustainable Drainage Solutions
5.22.3.3 Integrated Urban Water System Modeling
5.22.3.4 Connected Urban Infrastructure
5.22.3.5 Modeling Urban Surface–Flow Interactions
5.22.4 Sustainable Water Management and Nature-Based Approaches
5.22.4.1 Ecological Flow Modeling
5.22.4.2 Hydrodynamic Analysis for Restoration Projects
5.22.4.3 Collaborative Design of Ecological Infrastructure
5.22.4.4 Modeling Ecogeomorphic Interactions
5.22.4.5 Resilient Nature-Based Engineering
5.23 Next-Generation Sensing Technologies
5.23.1 Aerial Surveying With Drones
5.23.2 Remote Topography and Flow Sensing
5.23.3 Contactless Flow Diagnostics
5.23.4 Sensor Networks and IoT Systems
5.23.5 Public Participation and Digital Tools
5.24 Challenges of EFM
5.25 Conclusion
Bibliography
6. Understanding Fluid Dynamics for Sustainable Ecosystems
Rashi Bhargava, Ankit Agrawal and Avantika Rana
Nomenclature
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Governing Law of Fluid Motion
6.2.1 Conservation of Mass (Continuity Equation)
6.2.2 Conservation of Momentum (Navier–Stokes Equations)
6.2.3 Conservation of Energy (Thermal Energy Equation)
6.3 Turbulent and Laminar Flow
6.3.1 Turbulent Flow
6.3.2 Laminar Flow
6.3.3 Density Stratification and Buoyancy
6.3.4 Diffusion and Mixing
6.4 Environmental Applications
6.4.1 Atmospheric Flow
6.4.2 Hydrological Systems
6.4.3 River Hydraulics: Sediment Transport and Erosion
6.4.4 Anthropogenic Impact
6.4.5 Modeling of Pollutant Plumes from Industries
6.4.6 Wastewater Dispersion in Aquatic Systems
6.5 Recent Advances
6.5.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics
6.5.2 Remote Sensing and Field Measurements
6.5.2.1 Use of Satellites, Drones and In Situ Instruments for Data Collection
6.5.3 Interdisciplinary Research
6.5.4 Integration of Fluid Mechanics with Biogeochemistry, Ecology, and Socioeconomic Models
6.6 Challenges and Limitations in EFM
6.6.1 Complexity of Natural Systems: Dealing with Multiple Scales and Nonlinear Interactions
6.6.2 Data Scarcity: Limited Field Measurements in Remote and Inaccessible Regions
6.6.3 Uncertainties in Models: Challenges in Simulating Turbulence and Chaotic Systems
6.7 Future Directions
6.7.1 Need for Multiscale and Interdisciplinary Models
6.7.2 Development of Ecofriendly Technologies for Pollution Mitigation
6.7.3 Integration of ML with Traditional Fluid Dynamics for Predictive Insights
6.8 Conclusion
References
7. Magnetohydrodynamic Control: A Sustainable Approach to Environmental Engineering
Rashi Bhargava, Naveen Gaurav, Ankit Agrawal and Mayank Joshi
Nomenclature
7.1 Introduction
7.2 MHD in Environmental Engineering
7.3 Role of MHD in Solving Environmental Issues
7.3.1 Production of Clean Energy
7.3.2 Reduction of Air Pollution
7.3.3 Desalination and Treatment of Water
7.3.4 Recovery of Waste Heat
7.3.5 Encouragement of Ecofriendly Technology
7.4 Applications of MHD in Environmental Systems
7.4.1 Heat Transfer Enhancement
7.4.2 Electronic Devices
7.4.3 Water Treatment
7.4.4 Pollution Control
7.4.5 Waste Treatment and Management
7.5 Role of MHD in Sludge Treatment and Bioreactor Management
7.6 Theoretical Insights into MHD Control Mechanisms
7.6.1 Momentum Equation
7.6.2 Induction Equation
7.6.3 Equation of Continuity
7.6.4 Energy Equation
7.6.5 Constitutive Relations
7.7 Theoretical Predictions and Real-World Outcomes Illustration
7.7.1 Continuous Casting in Metallurgy
7.7.2 Fusion Reactors
7.8 Challenges and Practical Considerations in MHD
7.8.1 Technological Limitations
7.8.2 Generation of Magnetic Field and Control in Large-Scale Applications
7.9 Energy Consumption and Integration of MHD Technologies into Existing Infrastructure
7.10 Innovations in MHD Technology for Environmental Applications
7.11 Developments in Field Generation Methods and Magnetic Materials
7.11.1 Materials with Magnetic Property, High-Temperature Superconductors
7.11.2 Rare Earth Magnets
7.11.3 Advanced Coatings
7.12 Future Trends and the Potential for Large-Scale Environmental Impact
7.13 Case Studies
7.13.1 Sustainable Water Purification
7.13.2 Air Quality Management
7.13.3 Waste-to-Energy Systems
7.13.4 Challenges Faced in Practical Implementation and Lessons Learned
7.14 Conclusion
References
8. Magnetohydrodynamics in Environmental Engineering
Surya Prarap Singh, Diwesh Kumar and Sudarshana Banerjee
8.1 Introduction
8.2 MHD in Water Treatment and Desalination
8.2.1 MHD-Based Desalination Techniques
8.2.2 Electromagnetic Water Purification Methods
8.2.3 Heavy Metal and Contaminant Removal by MHD
8.2.4 Case Studies and Practical Applications
8.3 MHD Applications in Air Pollution Control
8.3.1 Electromagnetic Precipitation for Particulate Removal
8.3.2 MHD-Based Flue Gas Treatment in Industrial Plants
8.3.3 Harmful Emissions Reduction with Magnetic Fields
8.3.4 Comparison with Traditional Methods of Pollution Control
8.3.5 Future Perspective of MHD in Air Pollution Control
8.4 MHD in Renewable Energy Systems
8.4.1 MHD Generators for Sustainable Power Generation
8.4.2 Role of MHD in Hydroelectric and Geothermal Energy
8.4.3 Improving Energy Efficiency in Solar and Wind Power Systems
8.4.4 Future Prospects for MHD-Based Clean Energy Solutions
8.5 MHD in Ocean and Marine Engineering
8.5.1 MHD Propulsion Systems for Ecofriendly Marine Transport
8.5.2 Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction in the Maritime Sector
8.5.3 MHD Applications in Ocean Current and Tidal Energy Harvesting
8.5.4 Environmental Advantages and Disadvantages in Commercial Application
8.6 MHD in Nuclear and Thermal Energy Management
8.6.1 Liquid Metal MHD Cooling Systems in Nuclear Reactors
8.6.2 Optimization of Heat Transfer in Thermal Power Plants
8.6.3 Improving Efficiency and Safety Under High-Temperature Conditions
8.6.4 Environmental Risk Reduction through MHD-Based Cooling Solutions
8.7 Challenges and Future Directions
8.7.1 Technical and Economic Barriers to MHD Adoption
8.7.2 Material Advances for Efficient MHD Systems
8.7.3 Computational Modeling and Simulation in MHD Research
8.7.4 Future Research Directions and Possible Breakthroughs
8.8 Conclusion
References
9. Parametric Investigation of Cooling by Hybrid Nanofluid Generated by Autocatalytic Reaction on Rotationally Parallel Sheets in Porous Media through Artificial Intelligence Computation
Pragya Pandey and S. Sangeetha
Nomenclature
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Formation of Mathematical Equations
9.3 Methodology
9.4 Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
10. Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Control of Heat Transfer on Jeffrey Trihybrid Convective Nanoflow Over an Extended Riga Plate: A Comparative Analysis ANN Model
N. Bhargavi, Balakrishnama Manohar and Aghalya T.
Nomenclature
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Formulation of the Problem and Its Geometry
10.3 The Numerical Process
10.4 Artificial Neural Networks
10.5 Analysis of the Results
10.6 Conclusions
References
11. Magnetohydrodynamic Control of Hypersonic Separation Flows
Shezan Ghamat and Dinesh Kumar Bajaj
Nomenclature
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Fundamentals of MHD
11.2.1 Definition and Physical Concept
11.2.2 Governing Equations
11.2.2.1 Fluid Dynamic Equations
11.2.2.2 Electromagnetic Relations
11.2.2.3 Aerodynamic Equations
11.2.2.4 Electrodynamics Equations
11.2.2.5 Key Nondimensional Parameters
11.2.3 MHD Effects in Hypersonic Regimes
11.2.4 Practical Considerations
11.3 Characteristics of Hypersonic Flow Relevant to MHD
11.4 Flow Control Techniques
11.5 Numerical and Experimental Investigations
11.6 Applications in Hypersonic Vehicles
11.7 Future Directions
11.8 Conclusion
References
12. Modeling of a Magnetohydrodynamics Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow along a Vertical Cylinder Influenced by Exothermic and Endothermic Chemical Reactions
Barbie Chutia
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem
12.3 Method of Solution
12.4 Results and Discussion
12.5 Conclusion
References
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Suffix
13. MHD Slip Effects on Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Over Bidirectional Exponentially Stretching/Shrinking Permeable Sheet
Nidhi
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Mathematical Formulation
13.3 Computational Method
13.4 Discussion
13.5 Concluding Remarks
Nomenclature
References
14. Numerical Inquisition of MHD Nanofluid Flow Embedding Brownian Motion, Thermophoretic Diffusion Effects, and Viscous Dissipation Utilizing Buongiorno’s Scheme
Bhaskarjyoti Deka and Bamdeb Dey
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mathematical Formulation
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.4 Conclusion
Future Scope
Nomenclature
References
15. Parabolic MHD Free Convection From a Uniformly Moving Porous Vertical Isothermal Plate With Thermal Radiation, Heat Sink, Diffusion–Thermo, and Chemical Reaction
Nazibuddin Ahmed, Richa Deb Dowerah, Puja Haloi, Dibya Jyoti Saikia and Harun Al Rashid
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Mathematical Modeling
15.3 Solution Procedure
15.4 Skin Friction
15.5 Nusselt Number
15.6 Sherwood Number
15.7 Results and Discussion
15.8 Conclusion
15.9 Nomenclature
15.10 Appendix
References
16. Analysis of Time-Varying MHD Flow between Two Parallel Porous Plates for an Inclined Magnetic Field
Richa Vohra
Nomenclature
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem
16.3 Solution of the Problem
16.4 Physical Quantities
16.4.1 Skin Friction
16.4.2 Nusselt Number
16.5 Discussion of Results
16.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
17. Thermal Instability of Magnetohydrodynamic Micropolar Jeffrey Fluid Layer Heated from Below Saturating Porous Medium
Vandana Agarwal
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Problem Formulation
17.3 Basic State of the Problem
17.4 Perturbation Equations
17.5 Boundary Condition
17.6 Dispersion Relation
17.7 Normal Mode Analysis
17.7.1 Stationary Convection
17.7.2 Oscillatory Convection
17.7.2.1 Nature of Oscillatory Modes
17.8 Results and Discussion
17.9 Conclusion
References
Nomenclature
18. Numerical Inquiry of MHD Williamson Nanofluid Flow with Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reactions Immersed in Porous Media
Utpal Jyoti Das, Nayan Mani Majumdar, Deepjyoti Mali and Nitupran Senapoti
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Mathematical Formulation
18.2.1 Solution Methodology
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.4 Conclusions
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
References
Index

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