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Corrosion in Concrete Structures

Integrating Advanced Technologies and Sustainable Practices

Edited by Ruby Aslam, Qihui Wang, Zhitao Yan and Afroz Aslam
Copyright: 2026   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394347001  |  Hardcover  |  
365 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
Enhance the durability and longevity of critical infrastructure with this essential book that provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary guide to the fundamentals of concrete corrosion and practical solutions using advanced anti-corrosion technologies and sustainable practices.

Audience
Engineers, materials scientists, chemists, academics, and researchers in the fields of civil engineering, structural engineering, and materials science, specifically those involved in the development of sustainable and innovative corrosion prevention technologies within the concrete and construction sectors.

Description
Concrete is the backbone of modern infrastructure, forming the foundation of bridges, highways, buildings, and countless other structures worldwide. Yet despite its strength and versatility, concrete is highly susceptible to corrosion, leading to structural degradation, safety risks, and costly repairs. Addressing this challenge requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates fundamental corrosion science with cutting-edge technologies and sustainable practices.
Corrosion in Concrete Structures is a comprehensive guide to understanding and addressing corrosion in concrete. Starting with the fundamentals, this book explores the material properties of concrete, the key concepts behind corrosion, and the environments that make concrete prone to degradation. Readers will gain in-depth knowledge of corrosion assessment, inspection techniques, and the environmental and sustainability implications of concrete corrosion. The book also delves into the role of advanced anti-corrosion technologies, including coatings, sealants, and cathodic protection systems. It examines corrosion inhibitors and their applications, offering practical solutions for reducing corrosion in real-world settings.
With case studies and innovations in concrete corrosion control, this book serves as an invaluable resource for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to enhance the durability and sustainability of concrete structures in the face of corrosion challenges.

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Author / Editor Details
Ruby Aslam, PhD is a Postdoctoral fellow in the School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. She has authored and co-authored more than 100 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals and edited 17 books. Her research focuses on corrosion inhibitors, ionic liquids, and colloid and surface science.

Qihui Wang, PhD works in the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. His research focuses on the development and application of green corrosion inhibitors and theoretical calculations to explain the anti-corrosion mechanism of green corrosion inhibitors against metals.

Zhitao Yan, PhD is a Professor in the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China. He has authored and co-authored more than 170 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals, authorized 57 Chinese patents, and published three monographs. His research interests include structure wind engineering, nonlinear vibration, and transmission tower line systems.

Afroz Aslam, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, the Constituent Government College, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P. India. She has published many research articles and chapters in peer-reviewed international journals. Her research is mainly focused on organic synthesis, materials and corrosion, phytochemistry, and heterocyclic catalysis.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Corrosion Fundamentals: Understanding the Science Behind the Damage
Kaoutar Zaidi, Walid Daoudi, Selma Lamghafri, Omar Dagdag, Abdelmalik El Aatiaoui and Abdelouahad Aouinti
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Chemistry of Corrosion
1.2.1 Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion
1.2.2 Chemical Reaction of Corrosion
1.3 Types of Corrosion
1.3.1 Uniform Corrosion
1.3.2 Pitting Corrosion
1.3.3 Crevice Corrosion
1.3.4 Intergranular Corrosion
1.3.5 Stress Corrosion
1.4 Electrochemical Corrosion Mechanisms
1.5 Corrosion-Inducing Factors
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Concrete Material Properties and Corrosion
Rajae Salim, Jamila Lazrak, Elhachmia Ech-chihbi, Walid Ettahiri, Charafeddine Jama, Belkheir Hammouti and Mustapha Taleb
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Urban Infrastructures
2.1.2 Residential Sector
2.1.3 Commercial and Industrial Buildings
2.1.4 Agricultural Application
2.1.5 Sustainable Construction
2.2 Importance of Steel in Concrete
2.2.1 Strength Enhancement
2.2.2 Environmental Considerations
2.3 Material Properties of Concrete
2.3.1 Compressive Strength
2.3.2 Durability
2.3.3 Permeability and Porosity
2.3.4 Workability
2.3.5 Shrinkage and Creep
2.3.6 Tensile Strength
2.3.7 Modulus of Elasticity
2.3.8 Thermal Properties
2.4 Corrosion Properties of Steel in Concrete
2.4.1 Electrochemical Properties
2.4.2 Concrete Permeability
2.4.3 Chemical Properties
2.4.4 Mechanical Properties
2.4.5 Physical Properties
2.5 Causes of Concrete Corrosion
2.5.1 Carbonation-Induced Corrosion
2.5.2 Chloride-Induced Corrosion
2.6 Consequences of Concrete Corrosion
2.6.1 Degradation of the Embedding Concrete
2.6.2 Initiation of Reinforcement Corrosion
2.6.3 Development of Corrosion
2.6.4 Structures Affected by Corrosion of Concrete
2.7 Methods of Protecting Concrete against Corrosion
2.7.1 Using High-Quality Concrete Mix
2.7.2 Coating Techniques
2.7.2.1 Electrocoating
2.7.2.2 Metallic Coatings
2.7.2.3 Organic Coatings
2.7.3 Galvanization Protection
2.7.3.1 Sacrificial Anodes
2.7.3.2 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP)
2.7.3.3 Hybrid Cathodic Protection
2.7.4 Surface Treatments
2.7.4.1 Sealants and Coatings
2.7.4.2 Waterproof Membranes
2.7.5 Use of Corrosion Inhibitors
2.7.6 Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE)
2.7.7 Design and Construction Practices
2.7.7.1 Adequate Concrete Cover
2.7.7.2 Good Drainage Design
2.8 Techniques for Assessing Corrosion Concrete
2.9 Future Perspectives and Research Directions
2.10 Conclusion
References
3. Fundamentals and Understanding of Corrosion-Prone Environments in Concrete Corrosion
Demian I. Njoku, Annuncieta C. Njoku, Paul C. Uzoma, Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim and Inime I. Udoh
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Factors That Contribute to Concrete Corrosion
3.3 Concrete Corrosion-Prone Environments
3.3.1 Moisture and Availability of Oxygen
3.3.2 Marine Environment
3.3.3 Industrial Environments
3.3.4 De-Icing Salt Environments
3.3.5 Underground Environments
3.3.6 Agricultural Environments
3.3.7 Coastal Environments
3.4 Distinctive Analysis of the Process of Concrete Corrosion
3.4.1 Mechanism Associated with the Acceleration of Concrete Corrosion
3.4.2 Reduction of Concrete Lifespan
3.5 Current Practices Used to Minimize Corrosion in Different Environments
3.5.1 Surface and Environmental Modification
3.5.2 Trends and Best Design Practices for Improvement in the Field of Concrete Corrosion Prevention and Mitigation
3.6 Cases of Failures due to Corrosion of Concrete Structures in Different Environments and the Mitigations
3.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
4. Corrosion Assessment and Inspection in Concrete Corrosion
Ichraq Bouhouche, Khalid Bouiti, Nabil Lahrache, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Said Laasri, Ayoub Cherrat and Souad El Hajjaji
4.1 Introduction to Corrosion Assessment and Inspection
4.1.1 Overview of Corrosion in Concrete Structures
4.1.2 Significance of Early Detection
4.1.3 Challenges in Corrosion Assessment
4.2 Forms of Corrosion in Concrete
4.2.1 Carbonation-Induced Corrosion
4.2.2 Chloride-Induced Corrosion
4.2.3 Sulfate Attack
4.3 Visual Assessment Methods
4.3.1 Surface Damage and Deterioration
4.3.2 Signs of Corrosion in Concrete Structures
4.4 Electrochemical Assessment Methods
4.4.1 Half-Cell Potential Measurements
4.4.2 Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR)
4.4.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
4.5 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques
4.5.1 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
4.5.2 Radiography
4.5.3 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
4.6 Advanced Technologies in Corrosion Inspection
4.6.1 Remote Sensing Techniques
4.6.2 Digital Imaging and Analysis
4.6.3 Integration of IoT and Data Analytics in Corrosion Monitoring
4.7 Case Studies in Corrosion Assessment
4.7.1 Case Study 1: Assessment in Marine Structures
4.7.2 Case Study 2: Inspection of Bridges and Overpasses
4.7.3 Case Study 3: Industrial Infrastructure
4.8 Discussion on Assessment and Inspection Results
4.8.1 Interpretation of Data
4.8.2 Correlation Between Inspection Techniques and Structural Health
4.9 Conclusion
4.9.1 Recommendations for Practitioners
4.9.2 Future Directions in Corrosion Assessment and Inspection
Bibliography
5. Impact of Concrete Corrosion on Environmental Sustainability
Abhinay Thakur, Valentine C. Anadebe, Elyor Berdimurodov, Abdelkader Zarrouk, Omar Dagdag and Ashish Kumar
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Concrete Corrosion
5.2.1 Carbonation-Induced Corrosion
5.2.2 Chloride-Induced Corrosion
5.2.3 Other Corrosion Mechanisms
5.3 Impact on Structural Integrity and Concrete Durability
5.4 Environmental Consequences
5.4.1 Resource Consumption and Waste Generation
5.4.2 Release of Harmful Substances
5.4.3 Impact on Soil and Water Quality
5.5 Sustainability Challenges
5.5.1 Lifecycle of Concrete Structures
5.5.2 Resource Depletion and Energy Use
5.6 Mitigation Strategies and Recent Advancements
5.7 Challenges and Future Directions
5.8 Conclusion
References
6. Role of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealants in Preventing Concrete Corrosion
Humira Assad, Richika Ganjoo, Shveta Sharma, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Femiana Gapsari and Ashish Kumar
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concrete Corrosion
6.3 Overview of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealant Systems
6.3.1 Types
6.3.2 Criteria for Selecting Coatings and Sealants
6.3.3 Installation and Performance of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealant Systems
6.4 Role of Anti-Corrosion Coatings and Sealants in Concrete Corrosion
6.5 Conclusion
References
7. Role of Cathodic Protection Systems in Preventing Concrete Corrosion
Samir H. Shafek, Ahmed H. Elged, Mohamed A. Shenashen, Emad A. Badr and Hassan H. H. Hefni
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cathodic Protection
7.3 Cathodic Protection (CP) Monitoring Techniques in Concrete Structures
7.3.1 Embedded Reference Electrodes
7.3.2 Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR)
7.3.3 Concrete Resistivity Monitoring
7.3.4 Galvanostatic Pulse Measurements
7.3.5 Wireless and Remote Monitoring Systems
7.4 Anode Installation and Replacement
7.4.1 Anode Installation
7.4.1.1 Site Assessment and Design
7.4.1.2 Preparation of the Concrete Surface
7.4.1.3 Anode Placement
7.4.1.4 Electrical Connections
7.4.2 Anode Replacement
7.4.2.1 Monitoring and Evaluation
7.4.2.2 Removal of Old Anodes
7.4.2.3 Installation of New Anodes
7.4.2.4 Post-Installation Testing
7.5 Anode Materials
7.5.1 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection (SACP)
7.5.2 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP)
7.6 Factors Affecting Cathodic Protection Design in Concrete Corrosion
7.6.1 Chloride Content
7.6.2 Concrete Resistivity
7.6.3 Steel Reinforcement Geometry and Spacing
7.6.4 Concrete Cover Depth
7.6.5 Environmental Exposure Conditions
7.6.6 Compatibility of Materials
7.7 New Trends of Cathodic Protection in Concrete Corrosion
7.8 Challenges in Implementing Cathodic Protection in Concrete and Addressing Environmental and Sustainability Considerations
7.9 Conclusion
References
8. Role of Corrosion Inhibitors in Preventing Concrete Corrosion
Shweta Goyal, Vijay Luxami and Sonia Rani
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Definition of Corrosion Inhibitors
8.3 Mechanism of Action of Inhibitor
8.3.1 Passivation
8.3.2 Adsorption
8.3.3 Film-Forming
8.3.4 Smart Release
8.4 Classification of Corrosion Inhibitors
8.5 Classification Based on Mechanism of Action
8.5.1 Anodic Inhibitors
8.5.2 Cathodic Inhibitors
8.5.3 Hybrid Inhibitors
8.6 Classification Based on Field Application
8.6.1 Admixed Inhibitors
8.6.2 Migratory Inhibitors
8.6.3 Bi-Directional Electro-Migration (BIEM)
8.7 Classification Based on Chemical Composition
8.7.1 Inorganic Inhibitors
8.7.1.1 Nitrate and Nitrite Based Inhibitor
8.7.1.2 Phosphate Based Inhibitor
8.7.1.3 Chromates and Molybdates
8.7.2 Organic Inhibitors
8.7.2.1 Performance of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors Depending on the Functional
Groups
8.7.2.2 Heterocyclic Compounds as Inhibitors
8.8 Green Inhibitors
8.9 Smart Inhibitors
8.10 Testing and Evaluation Methods of Inhibitors
8.10.1 Gravimetric Analysis
8.10.2 Electrochemical Analysis
8.10.3 Surface Analysis
8.10.4 Standard Test Method
8.11 Challenges and Future Perspectives
8.12 Conclusion
References
9. Case Studies on Concrete Corrosion
Ali Dashan, Hedieh Kazemi, Bahram Ramezanzadeh and Ghasem Bahlakeh
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principles of Cathodic Protection: An Examination of Case Studies
9.2.1 Principles of Cathodic Protection
9.2.2 Case Studies of Cathodic Protection
9.3 Corrosion Protection Based on Anti-Corrosion Coating: An Examination of Case Studies
9.3.1 Corrosion Protection Through Anti-Corrosion Coatings
9.3.2 Case Studies of Anti-Corrosion Coatings
9.4 Utilizing Corrosion Inhibitors: An Examination of Case Studies
9.4.1 The Utilization of Corrosion Inhibitors in Material Preservation
9.4.2 Case Studies of Corrosion Inhibitors
9.5 Comparative Analysis, Challenges, and Outlooks
References
10. Innovations in Concrete Corrosion Control
Ruby Aslam, Zhitao Yan, Qihui Wang, Yi Sun, Afroz Aslam and Jeenat Aslam
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Innovative Materials for Corrosion Control
10.2.1 Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcements
10.2.2 Stainless Steel Innovations
10.2.3 Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP)
10.2.4 Coated Rebars
10.2.5 Self-Healing Concrete
10.2.5.1 Autogenic Repair
10.2.5.2 Hollow Fibers
10.2.5.3 Microencapsulation
10.2.5.4 Alkaline Activated Geopolymer Binder without Cement Content
10.2.5.5 Biomineralization
10.3 Nanomaterials in Concrete
10.4 Advanced Coatings and Sealants
10.5 Chemical Admixtures for Corrosion Protection
10.5.1 Employment of Smart Corrosion Inhibitor
10.5.2 Use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs)
10.6 Electrochemical Techniques
10.6.1 Cathodic Protection Systems
10.6.2 Electrochemical Realkalization and Chloride Extraction Methods
10.6.2.1 Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE)
10.6.2.2 Electrochemical Realkalization
10.7 Role of AI and ML in Designing Corrosion-Resistant Concrete
10.7.1 Corrosion Assessment and Prediction
10.7.2 Material Discovery and Optimization
10.7.3 Structural Design Enhancement
10.8 Future Considerations
10.9 Conclusion
References
11. Role of Nanotechnology in Concrete Corrosion Prevention
Nabil Lahrache, Khalid Bouiti, Ichraq Bouhouche, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Said Laasri, Ayoub Cherrat and Souad El Hajjaji
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Role of Nanotechnology in Corrosion Prevention
11.2.1 Inhibition of Steel Corrosion by Nanohybrids
11.2.2 Inhibition of Copper Corrosion by Nanohybrids
11.2.3 Examples of Nanohybrids Used to Prevent Metal Corrosion
11.3 Types of Nanomaterials Used in Concrete Corrosion Prevention
11.3.1 Use of Nano-Admixtures
11.3.2 Employment of Nanoparticle
11.3.3 Nanocoatings
11.4 Challenges and Limitations
11.5 Future Perspectives
11.6 Conclusion
References
Index

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