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Submit a ProposalNanostructured Hard Materials
 | Edited by Inamuddin, Tariq Altalhi and Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder Copyright: 2025 | Expected Pub Date:2025/10/30 ISBN: 9781394314140 | Hardcover | |
One Line Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements, challenges, and potential industrial applications of nanostructured materials in various fields.
Audience
Researchers, academics, scientists, engineers, and industry professionals working in nanotechnology, materials science, and related disciplines.
Researchers, academics, scientists, engineers, and industry professionals working in nanotechnology, materials science, and related disciplines.
Description
Nanostructured hard materials have made a significant impact in various sectors. In electronics, they support device miniaturization, improve transistor performance, and enable wearable tech. In energy storage, they boost battery and supercapacitor efficiency. In solar energy, they improve light absorption and charge separation. It covers a wide range of subjects related to nanostructured hard materials, including synthesis and fabrication techniques, characterization methods, properties, and their utilization in industrial sectors. The book will provide a comprehensive reference that combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and inspiring further research and development in this rapidly evolving field. By offering a detailed exploration of the subject matter, the book will serve as an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand the potential of nanostructured hard materials and their industrial applications, ultimately promoting advancements in various industries and stimulating innovation in the field.
Readers will find this volume:
• Provides a comprehensive exploration of nanostructured hard materials, covering their synthesis, characterization, properties, and industrial applications across diverse sectors;
• Presents an interdisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from fields such as nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering;
• Emphasizes the industrial applications of nanostructured hard materials, addressing the challenges and opportunities they present in sectors such as electronics, energy, catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental engineering;
• Includes numerous case studies, experimental results, and practical examples to enhance understanding and demonstrate the practicality of nanostructured hard materials.
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Nanostructured hard materials have made a significant impact in various sectors. In electronics, they support device miniaturization, improve transistor performance, and enable wearable tech. In energy storage, they boost battery and supercapacitor efficiency. In solar energy, they improve light absorption and charge separation. It covers a wide range of subjects related to nanostructured hard materials, including synthesis and fabrication techniques, characterization methods, properties, and their utilization in industrial sectors. The book will provide a comprehensive reference that combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and inspiring further research and development in this rapidly evolving field. By offering a detailed exploration of the subject matter, the book will serve as an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand the potential of nanostructured hard materials and their industrial applications, ultimately promoting advancements in various industries and stimulating innovation in the field.
Readers will find this volume:
• Provides a comprehensive exploration of nanostructured hard materials, covering their synthesis, characterization, properties, and industrial applications across diverse sectors;
• Presents an interdisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from fields such as nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering;
• Emphasizes the industrial applications of nanostructured hard materials, addressing the challenges and opportunities they present in sectors such as electronics, energy, catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental engineering;
• Includes numerous case studies, experimental results, and practical examples to enhance understanding and demonstrate the practicality of nanostructured hard materials.
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Author / Editor Details
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, many book chapters, and edited many books with Wiley-Scrivener.
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, many book chapters, and edited many books with Wiley-Scrivener.
Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He has worked as head of the Chemistry Department at Taif University and Vice Dean of Science College. In 2015, one of his works was nominated for a Green Tech award from Germany, Europe’s largest environmental and business prize.
Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder, PhD, is a professor of chemistry, King Fahd University, Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia. His research focuses on the design, synthesis, modification, and characterization of various modified monomers and polymers for potential use in the inhibition of mild corrosion in oil and gas industries. He has published more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited 8 books.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Computational Modeling and Simulation: Predictive Modeling and Simulation of Nanostructured Hard Materials for Optimization and Design
Puspendu Barik and Sasadhar Majhi
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.2.1 Metal Nanostructure
1.2.2 Semiconductor Nanostructure
1.2.3 Magnetic Nanostructure
1.2.4 Carbon-Based Nanostructure
1.2.5 Alloy
1.2.6 Composites
1.3 Modeling and Simulation of Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.3.1 Importance of Modeling and Simulation
1.3.2 Basic Categories of Modeling and Simulation
1.3.3 Simulation Strategies
1.4 The Outcome of Modeling and Simulation of Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.4.1 Insights into Growth Mechanisms
1.4.2 Prediction of Material Properties
1.4.3 Design of Novel Nanostructures
1.4.4 Defect Analysis
1.4.5 Validation and Interpretation of Experimental Results
1.4.6 Accelerating Material Discovery
1.4.7 Guiding Experimental Design
1.5 List of Popular Software for Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.5.1 MD Simulation
1.5.2 DFT Simulation
1.5.3 MC Simulation
1.5.4 Finite Element Method (FEM)
1.5.5 FDTD Software
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Latest Developments for Ni-Based Wear Protective Surfaces: Coating Compositions and Methods
Onur Güler, Müslim Çelebi and Abdullah Hasan Karabacak
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Surface Protective Coatings for Wear-Resistant Materials
2.2.1 Traditional Ni-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings
2.2.1.1 Pure Ni-Based Coatings
2.2.1.2 Ni-P-Based Coatings
2.2.1.3 Ni-B-Based Coatings
2.3 Recent Progress on Ni-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings
2.4 Conclusion
2.5 Future Perspectives
References
3. Advances in Nanostructured Materials and Liquid Crystal Composites: Unveiling Structural Properties and Emerging Paradigms in Display Technologies
Driss Soubane and Mohamed El Garah
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fundamentals of Nanostructured Materials
3.2.1 Nanostructured Material Classification
3.3 Fabrication of Nanostructures
3.3.1 Nanostructure Fabrication Techniques
3.4 Liquid Crystals: Basics and Properties
3.4.1 Liquid Crystal Classes
3.4.2 Principal Properties of the Liquid Crystal
3.5 Nanostructured Materials and Liquid Crystals Composites
3.5.1 Different Doping Materials in Binary Liquid Crystal Composites
3.5.2 Ternary Composite Materials for Display Applications
3.5.3 Beyond Binary and Ternary Composites
3.6 Pioneering Advances in Display Technology
3.7 Future Perspectives and Emerging Trends
3.8 Conclusion
Funding
References
4. Nanocomposites in Aerospace and Defense: Materials for Lightweight Structures, Thermal Management, and Ballistic Protection
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advanced Ceramic Material Preparation
4.3 Methods for Creating Nanoceramics
4.3.1 Sol-Gel Chemistry for Nanoceramic
4.4 Recent Developments in General and Advanced Nanoceramics Fields
4.4.1 Nanoceramics Based on Silicate
4.4.2 Nanoceramics Based on Zirconium Dioxide
4.4.3 Nanoceramics Based on Titania
4.4.4 Nanoceramics Based on Borate
4.4.5 Nanoceramics Based on Silicon Carbide
4.4.6 Nanoceramics Based on Boron Carbide
4.5 Nanoceramics Applications
4.5.1 Electronics
4.5.2 Applications of Biomedical
4.5.3 Applications of Environmental
4.5.4 Applications in Space and Defense
4.5.5 Strategic Applications
4.6 Conclusion and Prospective Future of Nanoceramics
References
5. Cermet: Cutting Tool Materials for High Speed and Advancements in Nanocoating Technology
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Applications of High-Speed Machining
5.3 Machine Tools for HSM – Requirements
5.3.1 Hard Material Cutting
5.3.1.1 Hybrid Cutting
5.3.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition
5.3.1.3 Plasma Arc
5.3.1.4 Flame Synthesis
5.3.1.5 Laser Ablation
5.3.2 Method of Liquid Phase
5.3.2.1 Electrochemical
5.3.2.2 Precipitation
5.3.2.3 Sol–Gel
5.3.2.4 Hydrothermal
5.3.2.5 Microemulsion
5.4 Advancements in Nanocoating Technology
5.5 Application of Nanocoatings
Acknowledgements
References
6. Cermet: Composite Materials for Cutting Tools, Electrical Contacts, and Thermal Management
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Structural Formation
6.2.1 Nitride Titanium (TiN)
6.2.2 Carbonitride of Titanium (TiCN)
6.3 Coating of TiCN and TiN
6.4 Challenges and Restrictions of TiN and TiCN
6.5 Treatment Techniques
6.6 Factors that Improve Sintering Kinetics
6.7 Binderless
6.8 Prior Studies on Titanium Carbonate Nitride and Titanium Nitride without a Binder Used Sintering Techniques
6.9 Niobium Carbide
6.10 NbC Cermets
6.11 NbC-Co Cermets
6.12 NbC-Ni Cermets
6.13 Secondary Carbides’ Impact
6.14 Mechanical Properties
6.15 Technical Developments
6.16 Concluded Remarks
References
7. Advancements in Nanocomposite Technology for Environmental Remediation: Innovations in Water Purification, Air Filtration, and Pollutant Capture
Ashish Mogra and Ranvir Singh Panwar
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Application of Nanocomposite in Environmental Remediation
7.2.1 Water Remediation
7.2.2 Air Remediation
7.2.3 Soil Remediation
7.2.4 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.2.5 Sensing and Detection
7.2.6 Oil Spill Cleanup
7.2.7 Enhanced Bioremediation
7.3 Objectives
7.4 Nanocomposites in Water Remediation
7.4.1 Removal of Heavy Metals
7.4.1.1 Adsorption
7.4.1.2 Catalysis
7.4.1.3 Magnetic Nanocomposites
7.4.2 Degradation of Organic Pollutants
7.4.2.1 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.4.2.2 Adsorption and Breakdown (Degradation)
7.4.3 Pathogen Elimination
7.4.3.1 Antibacterial Properties
7.4.3.2 Virus Removal
7.4.4 Desalination and Ion Removal
7.4.4.1 Selective Ion Exchange
7.4.4.2 Membrane Technology
7.4.5 Sensing and Monitoring
7.4.5.1 Nanocomposite-Based Sensors
7.4.5.2 Detection of Pollutants
7.5 Nanocomposites in Air Purification
7.5.1 Filtering of Particulate Matter
7.5.1.1 Nanocomposite Filters
7.5.1.2 Enhanced Filters
7.5.1.3 Electrostatic Capture
7.5.2 VOCs and Hazardous Gas Adsorption
7.5.2.1 Adsorption Capability
7.5.2.2 Selective Adsorption
7.5.3 Photocatalytic Applications
7.5.3.1 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.5.3.2 Self-Cleaning Surfaces
7.5.4 NOx and SOx Removal
7.5.5 Sensing and Monitoring of Air Quality
7.6 Nanocomposites in Soil Remediation
7.6.1 Heavy Metal Immobilization
7.6.1.1 Adsorption and Chelation
7.6.1.2 Phytoremediation Enhancement
7.6.2 Organic Contaminant Breakdown
7.6.2.1 Degradation of Pollutants
7.6.2.2 Sorption and Destruction
7.6.3 Stabilization of Contaminated Soil
7.6.4 Radioactive Waste Treatment
7.6.4.1 Radioactive Contaminant Removal
7.6.5 Sensing and Monitoring of Soil Quality
7.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives
7.7.1 Challenges
7.7.1.1 Environmental Impact
7.7.1.2 Health Risks
7.7.1.3 Regulatory Framework
7.7.1.4 Economic Viability
7.7.1.5 Technological Challenges
7.7.1.6 Public Perception
7.7.2 Future Perspectives
7.7.2.1 Sustainable Development
7.7.2.2 Advanced Functionalities
7.7.2.3 Smart Nanocomposites
7.7.2.4 Integrated Systems
7.7.2.5 Nanocomposite Recycling and Reuse
7.7.2.6 Advanced Sensing Technologies
7.7.2.7 Global Collaboration and Regulation
7.8 Conclusion
References
8. Nanoscale Coatings for Tribology: Applications, Challenges and Future Directives
Ranvir Singh Panwar and Ashish Mogra
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Overview of the Role of Tribology in Various Industries
8.2.1 Automotive Industry: Engine Component Coatings
8.2.2 Aerospace and Energy Industry: Steam and Wind Turbine Blade Coatings
8.2.3 Manufacturing Industry: Cutting Tool Coatings
8.2.4 Medical Devices: Orthopaedic Implant Coatings
8.2.5 Electronics: Hard Disk Drive Coatings
8.3 Challenges and Future Directives
8.3.1 Durability and Longevity
8.3.2 Uniformity and Consistency
8.3.3 Environmental, Sustainability and Health Concerns
8.3.4 Technical and Fabrication Challenges
8.3.5 Performance Under Extreme Conditions
8.3.6 Compatibility with Substrates
8.3.7 Characterisation and Testing
8.3.8 Cost and Economic Viability
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Metal Borides: High-Temperature Materials for Aerospace, Automotive, Nuclear, and Electromagnetic Industries
Arun K. Chattopadhyay, Tuncay Simsek, Alican Yakın and Telem Simsek
9.1 Introduction and Overview
9.2 Production Methods of Metal Borides
9.3 Metal Borides Applications
9.3.1 Aerospace Applications of Metal Borides
9.3.2 Metal Borides Applications of Automotive Industries
9.3.3 Metal Borides Nuclear Applications
9.3.4 Electromagnetic Properties of Metal Borides
9.4 Conclusion
References
10. Hard Machining and Characteristics for Industrial Cutting Tools and Coating Deposition Applications
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Analysis of Hard Machining Research
10.3 Hard Machining Characteristics
10.3.1 Speed with Cutting Force
10.3.2 The Cutting Forces Major Axial (Thrust) Components
10.3.3 Power Invested in Creation of Surfaces
10.3.4 Requirements for Rigid Processing
10.4 Operations for Hard-Machining
10.4.1 Hard Turning
10.4.2 Reaming and Hard Boring
10.4.3 Milling of Hard
10.4.4 Broaching of Hard
10.4.5 Operations for Manufacturing Hard-Gear
10.4.6 Skiving
10.4.6.1 Turning of Hard
10.4.6.2 Skiving of Gear
10.5 Technology of Coating
10.5.1 Backdrop
10.5.2 Significance of Coating Layer
10.6 Future and Current Events
10.7 Conclusion
References
11. Metal Carbides: Tools and Wear-Resaretant Coatings for Machining, Drilling and Mining Operations
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Structural Formation
11.2.1 Nitride Titanium (TiN)
11.2.2 Carbonitride of Titanium (TiCN)
11.3 Coating of TiCN and TiN
11.4 Challenges and Restrictions of TiN and TiCN
11.5 Treatment Techniques
11.6 Factors That Improve Sintering Kinetics
11.7 Binderless
11.8 Prior Studies on Titanium Carbonate Nitride and Titanium Nitride without a Binder Used Sintering Techniques
11.9 Niobium Carbide
11.10 NbC Cermets
11.11 NbC-Co Cermets
11.12 NbC-Ni Cermets
11.13 Secondary Carbides’ Impact
11.14 Mechanical Properties
11.15 Conclusion 3
References
12. Industrial Applications of Hard Materials: Wear-Resistant Coatings, Cutting Tools, and Advanced Manufacturing Techniques
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
12.1 Introduction
12.2 A Brief Analysis of Hard Machining Research
12.3 Characteristics of Hard Machining
12.3.1 Reduction in Cutting Force with Speed
12.3.2 The Cutting Forces Major Axial (Thrust) Components
12.3.3 Large Power Invested in Creation of Surfaces
12.3.4 Requirements for Rigid Processing
12.4 Operations for Hard-Machining
12.4.1 Hard Turning
12.4.2 Reaming and Hard Boring
12.4.3 Milling of Hard
12.4.4 Broaching of Hard
12.4.5 Operations for Manufacturing Hard-Gear
12.4.6 Skiving
12.4.6.1 Turning of Hard
12.4.6.2 Skiving of Gear
12.5 Coating Technology
12.5.1 Backdrop
12.5.2 Significance of Coating Layer
12.6 Concluding Remarks
References
13. Biomedical Applications of Hard Materials: Implants, Coatings and Drug Delivery Systems for Medical Devices
Fatema Tuz Zohera, Abul Kalam Azad and Madhusmruti Khandai
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Hard Materials for Biomedical Application
13.2.1 Drug-Delivery Systems
13.2.2 Tissue Engineering
13.2.3 Implantable Devices
13.2.4 Diagnostic Tools
13.3 Types of Implant Coatings
13.3.1 Biocompatible Coatings
13.3.1.1 Calcium Based Apatite Coatings
13.3.1.2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Coatings (BMP)
13.3.1.3 RGD Peptide Based Coatings
13.3.1.4 Mg Based Coating
13.3.1.5 ZnO Based Coatings
13.3.1.6 TiO2 Based Coatings
13.3.1.7 Carbon Based Coatings
13.3.1.8 TiN and CrN Based Coatings
13.3.2 Polymer Based Antimicrobial Coatings
13.3.2.1 Polymer Coatings
13.3.2.2 Coatings for Sustainable Antibiotic Release
13.3.2.3 The Properties of Coatings Systems and Their Resistivity to Corrosion
13.4 Ceramics
13.5 Commercially Available Multifunctional Coatings
13.6 Surface Modification
13.7 Conclusion
References
14. Antifouling Nano Filtration Membranes
Divya D. Achari, Nandini A. Pattanashetti and Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nanofiltration Membranes and Membrane Fouling
14.3 Types of Membrane Fouling
14.4 Mechanism of Fouling
14.5 Controlling Factors of Membrane Fouling
14.5.1 Effect of Surface Chemistry (Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity)
14.5.2 Effect of Pore Size and Pore Size Distribution
14.5.3 Effect of Surface Structure
14.5.4 Effect of Surface Charge
14.5.5 Effect of Salts
14.5.6 Effect of pH
14.5.7 Effect of Operational Conditions
14.6 Antifouling Methods
14.6.1 Passive Antifouling Method
14.6.1.1 Fouling Resistance Method and Mechanism
14.6.1.2 Fouling Release Method and Mechanism
14.6.2 Active Antifouling Method
14.6.2.1 Off-Surface Antibacterial Mechanisms
14.6.2.2 On-Surface Antibacterial Mechanisms
14.7 Surface Modification of the Nanofiltration Membranes
14.7.1 Surface Modification by Surface Coating
14.7.2 Surface Modification via Surface Grafting
14.7.3 Surface Modification via Physical Blending
14.7.4 Surface Modification via Hydrophilic Materials
14.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgement
References
15. Nanocatalysts for Chemical Processes: Materials for Catalysis, Hydrogen Production, and Pollution Control
Shruti Mishra, Mustafa Aamir Hussain, Nisha V. Bora and Leena V. Bora
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Applications of Nanocatalysts
15.2.1 Biodiesel Production
15.2.2 Biomass Production Using Nanocatalysts
15.2.3 Nanocatalyst in Electrosynthesis
15.2.4 Air Pollution
15.2.4.1 Nanoadsorbents
15.2.4.2 Photocatalytic Nanocatalysts
15.2.5 Water Pollution
15.2.5.1 Carbon Nanotubes
15.2.5.2 Polymeric Nanoadsorbents
15.2.5.3 Zeolites
15.2.5.4 Metal Based Nanoadsorbent
15.2.6 Hydrogen Production
15.2.6.1 Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting Method
15.2.7 Hydrogen Production Using Spinel-Structured Nanocatalysts
15.2.7.1 Fabrication Process
15.3 Challenges and Future Perspectives
15.4 Conclusion
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Computational Modeling and Simulation: Predictive Modeling and Simulation of Nanostructured Hard Materials for Optimization and Design
Puspendu Barik and Sasadhar Majhi
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.2.1 Metal Nanostructure
1.2.2 Semiconductor Nanostructure
1.2.3 Magnetic Nanostructure
1.2.4 Carbon-Based Nanostructure
1.2.5 Alloy
1.2.6 Composites
1.3 Modeling and Simulation of Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.3.1 Importance of Modeling and Simulation
1.3.2 Basic Categories of Modeling and Simulation
1.3.3 Simulation Strategies
1.4 The Outcome of Modeling and Simulation of Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.4.1 Insights into Growth Mechanisms
1.4.2 Prediction of Material Properties
1.4.3 Design of Novel Nanostructures
1.4.4 Defect Analysis
1.4.5 Validation and Interpretation of Experimental Results
1.4.6 Accelerating Material Discovery
1.4.7 Guiding Experimental Design
1.5 List of Popular Software for Nanostructured Hard Materials
1.5.1 MD Simulation
1.5.2 DFT Simulation
1.5.3 MC Simulation
1.5.4 Finite Element Method (FEM)
1.5.5 FDTD Software
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Latest Developments for Ni-Based Wear Protective Surfaces: Coating Compositions and Methods
Onur Güler, Müslim Çelebi and Abdullah Hasan Karabacak
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Surface Protective Coatings for Wear-Resistant Materials
2.2.1 Traditional Ni-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings
2.2.1.1 Pure Ni-Based Coatings
2.2.1.2 Ni-P-Based Coatings
2.2.1.3 Ni-B-Based Coatings
2.3 Recent Progress on Ni-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings
2.4 Conclusion
2.5 Future Perspectives
References
3. Advances in Nanostructured Materials and Liquid Crystal Composites: Unveiling Structural Properties and Emerging Paradigms in Display Technologies
Driss Soubane and Mohamed El Garah
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fundamentals of Nanostructured Materials
3.2.1 Nanostructured Material Classification
3.3 Fabrication of Nanostructures
3.3.1 Nanostructure Fabrication Techniques
3.4 Liquid Crystals: Basics and Properties
3.4.1 Liquid Crystal Classes
3.4.2 Principal Properties of the Liquid Crystal
3.5 Nanostructured Materials and Liquid Crystals Composites
3.5.1 Different Doping Materials in Binary Liquid Crystal Composites
3.5.2 Ternary Composite Materials for Display Applications
3.5.3 Beyond Binary and Ternary Composites
3.6 Pioneering Advances in Display Technology
3.7 Future Perspectives and Emerging Trends
3.8 Conclusion
Funding
References
4. Nanocomposites in Aerospace and Defense: Materials for Lightweight Structures, Thermal Management, and Ballistic Protection
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advanced Ceramic Material Preparation
4.3 Methods for Creating Nanoceramics
4.3.1 Sol-Gel Chemistry for Nanoceramic
4.4 Recent Developments in General and Advanced Nanoceramics Fields
4.4.1 Nanoceramics Based on Silicate
4.4.2 Nanoceramics Based on Zirconium Dioxide
4.4.3 Nanoceramics Based on Titania
4.4.4 Nanoceramics Based on Borate
4.4.5 Nanoceramics Based on Silicon Carbide
4.4.6 Nanoceramics Based on Boron Carbide
4.5 Nanoceramics Applications
4.5.1 Electronics
4.5.2 Applications of Biomedical
4.5.3 Applications of Environmental
4.5.4 Applications in Space and Defense
4.5.5 Strategic Applications
4.6 Conclusion and Prospective Future of Nanoceramics
References
5. Cermet: Cutting Tool Materials for High Speed and Advancements in Nanocoating Technology
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Applications of High-Speed Machining
5.3 Machine Tools for HSM – Requirements
5.3.1 Hard Material Cutting
5.3.1.1 Hybrid Cutting
5.3.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition
5.3.1.3 Plasma Arc
5.3.1.4 Flame Synthesis
5.3.1.5 Laser Ablation
5.3.2 Method of Liquid Phase
5.3.2.1 Electrochemical
5.3.2.2 Precipitation
5.3.2.3 Sol–Gel
5.3.2.4 Hydrothermal
5.3.2.5 Microemulsion
5.4 Advancements in Nanocoating Technology
5.5 Application of Nanocoatings
Acknowledgements
References
6. Cermet: Composite Materials for Cutting Tools, Electrical Contacts, and Thermal Management
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Structural Formation
6.2.1 Nitride Titanium (TiN)
6.2.2 Carbonitride of Titanium (TiCN)
6.3 Coating of TiCN and TiN
6.4 Challenges and Restrictions of TiN and TiCN
6.5 Treatment Techniques
6.6 Factors that Improve Sintering Kinetics
6.7 Binderless
6.8 Prior Studies on Titanium Carbonate Nitride and Titanium Nitride without a Binder Used Sintering Techniques
6.9 Niobium Carbide
6.10 NbC Cermets
6.11 NbC-Co Cermets
6.12 NbC-Ni Cermets
6.13 Secondary Carbides’ Impact
6.14 Mechanical Properties
6.15 Technical Developments
6.16 Concluded Remarks
References
7. Advancements in Nanocomposite Technology for Environmental Remediation: Innovations in Water Purification, Air Filtration, and Pollutant Capture
Ashish Mogra and Ranvir Singh Panwar
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Application of Nanocomposite in Environmental Remediation
7.2.1 Water Remediation
7.2.2 Air Remediation
7.2.3 Soil Remediation
7.2.4 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.2.5 Sensing and Detection
7.2.6 Oil Spill Cleanup
7.2.7 Enhanced Bioremediation
7.3 Objectives
7.4 Nanocomposites in Water Remediation
7.4.1 Removal of Heavy Metals
7.4.1.1 Adsorption
7.4.1.2 Catalysis
7.4.1.3 Magnetic Nanocomposites
7.4.2 Degradation of Organic Pollutants
7.4.2.1 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.4.2.2 Adsorption and Breakdown (Degradation)
7.4.3 Pathogen Elimination
7.4.3.1 Antibacterial Properties
7.4.3.2 Virus Removal
7.4.4 Desalination and Ion Removal
7.4.4.1 Selective Ion Exchange
7.4.4.2 Membrane Technology
7.4.5 Sensing and Monitoring
7.4.5.1 Nanocomposite-Based Sensors
7.4.5.2 Detection of Pollutants
7.5 Nanocomposites in Air Purification
7.5.1 Filtering of Particulate Matter
7.5.1.1 Nanocomposite Filters
7.5.1.2 Enhanced Filters
7.5.1.3 Electrostatic Capture
7.5.2 VOCs and Hazardous Gas Adsorption
7.5.2.1 Adsorption Capability
7.5.2.2 Selective Adsorption
7.5.3 Photocatalytic Applications
7.5.3.1 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.5.3.2 Self-Cleaning Surfaces
7.5.4 NOx and SOx Removal
7.5.5 Sensing and Monitoring of Air Quality
7.6 Nanocomposites in Soil Remediation
7.6.1 Heavy Metal Immobilization
7.6.1.1 Adsorption and Chelation
7.6.1.2 Phytoremediation Enhancement
7.6.2 Organic Contaminant Breakdown
7.6.2.1 Degradation of Pollutants
7.6.2.2 Sorption and Destruction
7.6.3 Stabilization of Contaminated Soil
7.6.4 Radioactive Waste Treatment
7.6.4.1 Radioactive Contaminant Removal
7.6.5 Sensing and Monitoring of Soil Quality
7.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives
7.7.1 Challenges
7.7.1.1 Environmental Impact
7.7.1.2 Health Risks
7.7.1.3 Regulatory Framework
7.7.1.4 Economic Viability
7.7.1.5 Technological Challenges
7.7.1.6 Public Perception
7.7.2 Future Perspectives
7.7.2.1 Sustainable Development
7.7.2.2 Advanced Functionalities
7.7.2.3 Smart Nanocomposites
7.7.2.4 Integrated Systems
7.7.2.5 Nanocomposite Recycling and Reuse
7.7.2.6 Advanced Sensing Technologies
7.7.2.7 Global Collaboration and Regulation
7.8 Conclusion
References
8. Nanoscale Coatings for Tribology: Applications, Challenges and Future Directives
Ranvir Singh Panwar and Ashish Mogra
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Overview of the Role of Tribology in Various Industries
8.2.1 Automotive Industry: Engine Component Coatings
8.2.2 Aerospace and Energy Industry: Steam and Wind Turbine Blade Coatings
8.2.3 Manufacturing Industry: Cutting Tool Coatings
8.2.4 Medical Devices: Orthopaedic Implant Coatings
8.2.5 Electronics: Hard Disk Drive Coatings
8.3 Challenges and Future Directives
8.3.1 Durability and Longevity
8.3.2 Uniformity and Consistency
8.3.3 Environmental, Sustainability and Health Concerns
8.3.4 Technical and Fabrication Challenges
8.3.5 Performance Under Extreme Conditions
8.3.6 Compatibility with Substrates
8.3.7 Characterisation and Testing
8.3.8 Cost and Economic Viability
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Metal Borides: High-Temperature Materials for Aerospace, Automotive, Nuclear, and Electromagnetic Industries
Arun K. Chattopadhyay, Tuncay Simsek, Alican Yakın and Telem Simsek
9.1 Introduction and Overview
9.2 Production Methods of Metal Borides
9.3 Metal Borides Applications
9.3.1 Aerospace Applications of Metal Borides
9.3.2 Metal Borides Applications of Automotive Industries
9.3.3 Metal Borides Nuclear Applications
9.3.4 Electromagnetic Properties of Metal Borides
9.4 Conclusion
References
10. Hard Machining and Characteristics for Industrial Cutting Tools and Coating Deposition Applications
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Analysis of Hard Machining Research
10.3 Hard Machining Characteristics
10.3.1 Speed with Cutting Force
10.3.2 The Cutting Forces Major Axial (Thrust) Components
10.3.3 Power Invested in Creation of Surfaces
10.3.4 Requirements for Rigid Processing
10.4 Operations for Hard-Machining
10.4.1 Hard Turning
10.4.2 Reaming and Hard Boring
10.4.3 Milling of Hard
10.4.4 Broaching of Hard
10.4.5 Operations for Manufacturing Hard-Gear
10.4.6 Skiving
10.4.6.1 Turning of Hard
10.4.6.2 Skiving of Gear
10.5 Technology of Coating
10.5.1 Backdrop
10.5.2 Significance of Coating Layer
10.6 Future and Current Events
10.7 Conclusion
References
11. Metal Carbides: Tools and Wear-Resaretant Coatings for Machining, Drilling and Mining Operations
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Structural Formation
11.2.1 Nitride Titanium (TiN)
11.2.2 Carbonitride of Titanium (TiCN)
11.3 Coating of TiCN and TiN
11.4 Challenges and Restrictions of TiN and TiCN
11.5 Treatment Techniques
11.6 Factors That Improve Sintering Kinetics
11.7 Binderless
11.8 Prior Studies on Titanium Carbonate Nitride and Titanium Nitride without a Binder Used Sintering Techniques
11.9 Niobium Carbide
11.10 NbC Cermets
11.11 NbC-Co Cermets
11.12 NbC-Ni Cermets
11.13 Secondary Carbides’ Impact
11.14 Mechanical Properties
11.15 Conclusion 3
References
12. Industrial Applications of Hard Materials: Wear-Resistant Coatings, Cutting Tools, and Advanced Manufacturing Techniques
Riyadh A. Al-Samarai and Yarub Al-Douri
12.1 Introduction
12.2 A Brief Analysis of Hard Machining Research
12.3 Characteristics of Hard Machining
12.3.1 Reduction in Cutting Force with Speed
12.3.2 The Cutting Forces Major Axial (Thrust) Components
12.3.3 Large Power Invested in Creation of Surfaces
12.3.4 Requirements for Rigid Processing
12.4 Operations for Hard-Machining
12.4.1 Hard Turning
12.4.2 Reaming and Hard Boring
12.4.3 Milling of Hard
12.4.4 Broaching of Hard
12.4.5 Operations for Manufacturing Hard-Gear
12.4.6 Skiving
12.4.6.1 Turning of Hard
12.4.6.2 Skiving of Gear
12.5 Coating Technology
12.5.1 Backdrop
12.5.2 Significance of Coating Layer
12.6 Concluding Remarks
References
13. Biomedical Applications of Hard Materials: Implants, Coatings and Drug Delivery Systems for Medical Devices
Fatema Tuz Zohera, Abul Kalam Azad and Madhusmruti Khandai
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Hard Materials for Biomedical Application
13.2.1 Drug-Delivery Systems
13.2.2 Tissue Engineering
13.2.3 Implantable Devices
13.2.4 Diagnostic Tools
13.3 Types of Implant Coatings
13.3.1 Biocompatible Coatings
13.3.1.1 Calcium Based Apatite Coatings
13.3.1.2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Coatings (BMP)
13.3.1.3 RGD Peptide Based Coatings
13.3.1.4 Mg Based Coating
13.3.1.5 ZnO Based Coatings
13.3.1.6 TiO2 Based Coatings
13.3.1.7 Carbon Based Coatings
13.3.1.8 TiN and CrN Based Coatings
13.3.2 Polymer Based Antimicrobial Coatings
13.3.2.1 Polymer Coatings
13.3.2.2 Coatings for Sustainable Antibiotic Release
13.3.2.3 The Properties of Coatings Systems and Their Resistivity to Corrosion
13.4 Ceramics
13.5 Commercially Available Multifunctional Coatings
13.6 Surface Modification
13.7 Conclusion
References
14. Antifouling Nano Filtration Membranes
Divya D. Achari, Nandini A. Pattanashetti and Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nanofiltration Membranes and Membrane Fouling
14.3 Types of Membrane Fouling
14.4 Mechanism of Fouling
14.5 Controlling Factors of Membrane Fouling
14.5.1 Effect of Surface Chemistry (Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity)
14.5.2 Effect of Pore Size and Pore Size Distribution
14.5.3 Effect of Surface Structure
14.5.4 Effect of Surface Charge
14.5.5 Effect of Salts
14.5.6 Effect of pH
14.5.7 Effect of Operational Conditions
14.6 Antifouling Methods
14.6.1 Passive Antifouling Method
14.6.1.1 Fouling Resistance Method and Mechanism
14.6.1.2 Fouling Release Method and Mechanism
14.6.2 Active Antifouling Method
14.6.2.1 Off-Surface Antibacterial Mechanisms
14.6.2.2 On-Surface Antibacterial Mechanisms
14.7 Surface Modification of the Nanofiltration Membranes
14.7.1 Surface Modification by Surface Coating
14.7.2 Surface Modification via Surface Grafting
14.7.3 Surface Modification via Physical Blending
14.7.4 Surface Modification via Hydrophilic Materials
14.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgement
References
15. Nanocatalysts for Chemical Processes: Materials for Catalysis, Hydrogen Production, and Pollution Control
Shruti Mishra, Mustafa Aamir Hussain, Nisha V. Bora and Leena V. Bora
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Applications of Nanocatalysts
15.2.1 Biodiesel Production
15.2.2 Biomass Production Using Nanocatalysts
15.2.3 Nanocatalyst in Electrosynthesis
15.2.4 Air Pollution
15.2.4.1 Nanoadsorbents
15.2.4.2 Photocatalytic Nanocatalysts
15.2.5 Water Pollution
15.2.5.1 Carbon Nanotubes
15.2.5.2 Polymeric Nanoadsorbents
15.2.5.3 Zeolites
15.2.5.4 Metal Based Nanoadsorbent
15.2.6 Hydrogen Production
15.2.6.1 Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting Method
15.2.7 Hydrogen Production Using Spinel-Structured Nanocatalysts
15.2.7.1 Fabrication Process
15.3 Challenges and Future Perspectives
15.4 Conclusion
References
Index
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